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English Grammar and Composition
A Grammar Parts of Speech Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions and Interjections Modals The Tense Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple Present Continuous Present continuous indicating a future action Present Perfect Tense Past Continuous Tense Forms of Verbs 'Be' Verbs Regular and Irregular Verbs More about Adjectives Introducing Adjectives Comparison of Adjectives More about Adverbs Introducing Adverbs Types of Adverbs More about Prepositions Introducing the Preposition Use of Prepositions Linking Words Introducing Articles Indefinite Articles Definite Articles Possessives Introducing Possessives Formation of Possessives The Sentence Different kinds of Sentences Affirmative and Negative statements Interrogative sentences Imperative Sentences Exclamatory sentences Optative sentences Introductory 'There' Introductory 'There' There isn't/ There aren't Infinitives, Gerunds and Participles Infinitives Gerunds Participles Capitalization and Punctuation Direct Speech and Indirect Speech Statements Questions Imperatives Optatives Exclamatory sentences Voice Statements Interrogative Sentences Passive in different tenses Imperative Sentences Uses of passive voice B Composition Writing Paragraphs A Bus Stand My Favourite Bird Preparing A Cup of Tea How to make A Garden Perseverance Traffic Jam Global Warming My Birthday Party My Favourite Book Country Life and City Life Letter Writing Formal letters Sample Question & Guidelines

Introductory 'There' (Lesson 1)

সপ্তম শ্রেণি (মাধ্যমিক) - English Grammar and Composition A Grammar | - | NCTB BOOK
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A. Look at the picture and read the following rhyme:

"There was an old woman
Who lived in a shoe,
She had so many children,
She didn't know what to do."

Ask and answer the questions:

  1. Which word does the rhyme start with?
  2. How is the old woman introduced to readers?
Note: 'There' is often used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce someone or something. In fact, it is used to start a sentence. Although there is normally an adverb of place, the introductory there does not have any adverbial sense and is used to introduce a sentence.

Read the sentences with introductory 'there':

  1. There is a river beside the village.
  2. There are many mango trees in our village.
  3. There is a mosque inside the palace area.

The structure of sentences with introductory 'there' is:

There+ to be + subject+ adverbials

There + is + a river + beside the village.

Can you divide two other sentences to show the structure?

B. Read the passage below:

We have a garden. There are many flowers in the garden. There are also some vegetable plants in the garden. The garden gives us fresh vegetables and mental pleasure. We take care of the garden.

The underlined sentences can also be expressed in the following way:

Many flowers are in the garden. Some vegetable plants are also in the garden.

Note: Adding introductory there is preferred and natural with the subject 'some vegetable plants'.

Read the passage below:

Bring the pot, please. There is some sugar in the pot. You may put more sugar in your tea. Do you like to have some cookies with tea? Here are cookies in the bigger pot beside the sugar pot.

Note. We use there is with a singular subject and there are with a plural subject. There are more examples of introductory there + to be + singular/plural subjects for you:
  1. There is darkness everywhere in the house. There is no sound anywhere. The boys enter the house. There are some bats in the corner of the dark room. Suddenly they start flying around them making sounds. All of a sudden there is thunder outside. There are two doors behind them. The doors are shut by the sudden wind. There is no way out!
  2. There was a noise outside. Karim opened the door and found Goni there. He was afraid. There was something wrong with him. There were also a lot of people waiting outside. They were shouting. There was a bus accident in the highway. Goni was the driver of that bus which killed two pedestrians.

C. 1. Look at the picture and describe what you see in the picture and write sentences on the structure there + to be + singular/plural subjects:

  1. Now write a paragraph on A Street.
Note. After there is, the structure no + gerund can be used to indicate impossibility.

There is no knowing what she did with the money. = It is impossible to know what she did with the money.

There is no denying the fact that she stole the money. = It is impossible to deny the fact that she stole the money.

There is no knowing what will happen. = It is impossible to know what will happen.

D. 1. Make sentences with the words in the following table:

Thereisa bridge over the river
area tree in front of the house
wassome girls on the roof
weremany birds in the winter season in Bangladesh
must beno snakes in the garden
have been/has beenmosquitoes in the jungle
shall/will besome problem with her
nobody like you
no denying the fact that he killed the bird
no storm
no way to come out
many children to go to sleep without food
  1. Look at the picture and describe what you see in it:
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